Dany TV / LCD Device @ Rs.1650

Dany TV / LCD Device @ Rs.1650

For Monitor @ Rs.1250

Dell ATI X1300 256MB PCI E Video Card @ Rs.900

 Dell ATI X1300 256MB PCI E Video Card @ Rs.900

Graphics Card > 1.GB ATI Radeon PCI-Express Graphics Card @ Rs.4000

 Graphics Card > 1.GB ATI Radeon PCI-Express Graphics Card @ Rs.4000

Graphics Card > 512mb ATI Radeon @ Rs.2400

Graphics Card > 512mb ATI Radeon @ Rs.2400

Best & Economical Laser Printer of 2012

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PRODUCTS & SERVICES

SINGLE & MULTIFUNCTION PRINTERS

• SUPPORT & DRIVERS

Personal Black and White Laser Printers

HP LaserJet Pro P1102 Printer (CE651A)

Affordable, wireless HP LaserJet printing from virtually anywhere in the home or office with several users.[1][2] Print at up to 19 ppm letter/18 ppm A4 with no need for extra wires. Built-in energy-saving features help save money and resources.

Ideal for business users with home or small offices who want an affordable HP LaserJet printer.

Features

Print wirelessly in your home or office.[1][2]

• Network the printer without extra cables, using 802.11 b/g wireless networking.[1][2]

• Print up to 19 ppm letter/18 ppm A4.

• Start and finish printing sooner with Instant-on Technology.

• Print on a wide variety of media, using the 150-sheet paper tray and 10-sheet priority input slot.[3]

Experience easy, reliable HP LaserJet printing.

• Install in a flash—no CD required—using HP Smart Install.[4]

• Set up and start printing right away with an easy-to-use, intuitive control panel.

• Receive consistent results with Original HP cartridges and easily reorder with HP SureSupply.[5]

• Get the services, solutions, software and support of HP Total Care.

Reduce your impact and protect your bottom line.

• Conserve energy with Instant-on Technology and save even more with HP Auto-On/Auto-Off Technology.[6]

• Reduce wasted paper by printing only the content you want, using HP Smart Web Printing.[7]

• Save space with an ultra-compact printer with a sleek, industrial design.

• HP helps reduce your impact—less packaging, plus free cartridge recycling with HP Planet Partners.[8]

Create professional, cost-effective prints.

• Produce professional-quality business prints with bold, crisp text and sharp images.

• Receive improved print quality with HP FastRes 1200.[9]

[1] Wireless printing is only available on the HP LaserJet Pro P1102w Printer.

[2] Wireless performance is dependent upon physical environment and distance from access point.

[3] 10-sheet priority input slot is only available on the HP LaserJet Pro P1102w Printer.

[4] HP Smart Install works with Windows only.

[5] Program features and availability may vary by country. For more information, visit www.hp.com/learn/suresupply.

[6] HP Auto-On and Auto-Off capabilities subject to printer and settings.

[7] To use this feature, you need Microsoft Internet Explorer 6.0–8.0.

[8] HP print cartridge return and recycling is available in 49 countries and territories around the world, covering 88% of the addressable market; see www.hp.com/recycle for details.

[9] HP FastRes 1200 provides the best print quality setting for this device. Choose HP FastRes 600 for fast printing. 

 Specifications

Print speed black:

Normal:Up to 18 ppm

(Measured using ISO/IEC 24734, excludes first set of test documents. For more information see http://www.hp.com/go/printerclaims. Exact speed varies depending on the system configuration, software application, driver, and document complexity. )

First page out (ready)

Black:As fast as 8.5 sec

Print quality black (best)

• Up to 600 x 600 x 2 dpi (1200 dpi effective output)

Duty cycle (monthly, letter)

Up to 5000 pages;
(Duty cycle is defined as the maximum number of pages per month of imaged output. )

Duty cycle (monthly, A4)

Up to 5000 pages
(Duty cycle is defined as the maximum number of pages per month of imaged output. )

Recommended monthly page volume

250 to 1500

Recommended monthly page volume note

HP recommends that the number of printed pages per month be within the stated range for optimum device performance, based on factors including supplies replacement intervals and device life over an extended warranty period.

Print technology

• Laser

Processor speed

266 MHz

Print languages

Host-based printing

Display

• None

Connectivity

HP ePrint capability

No

Wireless capability

• Optional, enabled with purchase of a hardware accessory

Connectivity, standard

• 1 Hi-Speed USB 2.0

Connectivity, optional

• Compatible HP Jetdirect print servers: HP Jetdirect ew2500 802.11b/g Wireless Print Server J8021A

Network ready

Optional

Minimum system requirements

Microsoft® Windows® 7 (32-bit/64-bit): 1 GB RAM; Windows Vista® (32-bit/64-bit), Windows® XP, Windows® Server 2008 (32-bit/64-bit), Windows® Server 2003: 512 MB RAM; all systems: 350 MB free hard disk space, CD-ROM drive, USB port;
Mac OS X v 10.4, 10.5, 10.6; 256 MB RAM; 150 MB available hard disk space; CD-ROM drive; USB port

Compatible operating systems

• Microsoft® Windows® 7 (32-bit/64-bit), Windows Vista® (32-bit/64-bit), Windows® XP (32-bit/64-bit), Windows® Server 2008 (32-bit/64-bit), Windows® Server 2003 (32-bit/64-bit), Mac OS X v 10.4, v 10.5, v 10.6, Linux (see http://www.hplip.net for current)

Memory specifications

Memory, standard

2 MB

Memory, maximum

2 MB

Hard disk

• None

Paper handling

Paper handling input, standard

• 150-sheet input tray

Paper handling output, standard

• 100-sheet output bin

Duplex printing

Manual (driver support provided)

Media sizes supported

A4; A5; A6; B5; postcards; envelopes (C5, DL, B5)

Media sizes, custom

150-sheet input tray: 147 x 211 to 216 x 356 mm

Media types

Paper (laser, plain, photo, rough, vellum), envelopes, labels, cardstock, transparencies, postcards

Supported media weight

60 to 163 g/m²

Finished output handling

• Sheetfed

Power and operating requirements

Power

Input voltage 115 to 127 VAC (+/- 10%), 60 Hz (+/- 2 Hz), 12 amp; 220 to 240 VAC (+/- 10%), 50 Hz (+/- 2 Hz), 6.0 amp

Power consumption

360 watts (printing), 1.4 watts (ready), 0.9 watts (auto-off), 0.6 watts (manual-off)
(Values subject to change. See http://www.hp.com/go/ljp1100_regulatory for current information. Power numbers are the highest values measured using all standard voltages.)

Energy efficiency

• ENERGY STAR® qualified

Operating temperature range

15 to 32.5º C

Operating humidity range

• 30 to 70% RH

Dimensions and weight

Minimum dimensions (W x D x H)

349 x 238 x 196 mm

Maximum dimensions (W x D x H)

349 x 410 x 228 mm

Weight

5.2 kg

Package dimensions (W x D x H)

400 x 250 x 298 mm

Package weight

6.35 kg

Ivy Bridge Processors

Intel’s latest computer processors have recently been released in Pakistan. They are called Ivy Bridge CPUs and are the successors to the Sandy Bridge line of Central Processing Units.

Ivy Bridge CPUs are a die shrink of the Sandy Bridge line of CPUs. This means that a newer manufacturing process was used to make Ivy Bridge CPUs. This manufacturing process allows for smaller transistors thereby reducing cost of production and power consumption of the CPUs.

• Ivy Bridge CPUs perform between 5% and 15% faster than Sandy Bridge CPUs running at the same clock speed.
• Ivy Bridge CPUs have a faster Integrated Graphics Processor (IGP) compared to Sandy Bridge CPUs. The IGP is around 25% faster.
• The new CPUs are compatible with existing H61/67 P67 and Z68 chipset motherboards. However, a BIOS upgrade is required for the new CPUs to work.
• A new line of chipsets has also been introduced for Ivy Bridge CPUs. These are the 7 series chipsets like the H77/Z77. These chipsets support PCI-E 3.0 and USB 3.0.
• Ivy Bridge CPUs carry the same Core i3/i5/i7 monikers as previous generation Sandy Bridge CPUs. The only difference is that the model numbers begin with a ’3′ instead of a ’2′. So for example the Core i5 3450 is an Ivy Bridge CPU.
• Only quad core CPUs have been released so far. Dual core i3 CPUs are due to be released in the last quarter of this year.

Ivy Bridge CPUs are slightly faster than the previous generation Sandy Bridge CPUs. That makes them a good choice for new computer builds but a not a worthwhile upgrade for existing systems running Sandy Bridge CPUs.

Information technology

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jump to: navigation, search

Information technology (IT) is concerned with the development, management, and use of computer-based information systems.
Humans have been storing, retrieving, manipulating and communicating information since the Sumerians in Mesopotamia developed writing in about 3000 BC,^[1] but the term "information technology" in its modern sense first appeared in a 1958 article published in the Harvard Business Review; authors Leavitt and Whisler commented that "the new technology does not yet have a single established name. We shall call it information technology (IT)."^[2] Based on the storage and processing technology employed, it is possible to distinguish four distinct phases of IT development: pre-mechanical (3000 BC – 1450 AD), mechanical (1450–1840), electromechanical (1840–1940) and electronic.^[1] This article focuses on the latter of those periods, which began in about 1940.

Definition

The Information Technology Association of America has defined information technology (IT) as "the study, design, development, application, implementation, support or management of computer-based information systems",^[3] but the term has also been applied more narrowly to describe a branch of engineering dealing with the use of computers and telecommunications equipment to store, retrieve, transmit and manipulate data.^[4] Although commonly used to refer to computers and computer networks, IT encompasses other information-distribution technologies such as television and telephones,^[5] a wider field more explicitly known as information and communications technology.

History of computers

Main article: History of computing hardware

Devices have been used to aid computation for thousands of years, probably initially in the form of a tally stick.^[6] The Antikythera mechanism, dating from about the beginning of the first century BC, is generally considered to be the earliest known mechanical analog computer; it is also the earliest known geared mechanism.^[7] Comparable geared devices did not emerge in Europe until the 16th century,^[8] and it was not until 1645 that the first mechanical calculator capable of performing the four basic arithmetical operations was developed.^[9]
Electronic computers, using either relays or valves, began to appear in the early 1940s. The electromechanical Zuse Z3, completed in 1941, was the world's first programmable computer, and by modern standards one of the first machines that could be considered a complete computing machine. Colossus, developed during the Second World War to decrypt German messages was the first electronic digital computer, but although programmable it was not general-purpose, being designed for a single task. Neither did it store its programs in memory; programming was carried out using plugs and switches to alter the internal wiring.^[10] The first recognisably modern electronic digital stored-program computer was the Manchester Small-Scale Experimental Machine (SSEM), which ran its first program on 21 June 1948.^[11]

Data storage

Main article: Data storage device

Early electronic computers such as Colossus made use of punched tape, a long strip of paper on which data was represented by a series of holes, a technology now obsolete.^[12] Electronic data storage as used in modern computers dates from the Second World War, when a form of delay line memory was developed to remove the clutter from radar signals, the first practical application of which was the mercury delay line.^[13] The first random-access digital storage device was the Williams tube, based on a standard cathode ray tube,^[14] but the information stored in it and delay line memory was volatile in that it had to be continuously refreshed, and thus was lost once power was removed. The earliest form of non-volatile computer storage was the magnetic drum, invented in 1932^[15] and used in the Ferranti Mark 1, the world's first commercially available general-purpose electronic computer.^[16]
Most digital data today is still stored magnetically on devices such as hard disk drives, or optically on media such as CD-ROMs.^[17] It has been estimated that the worldwide capacity to store information on electronic devices grew from less than 3 exabytes in 1986 to 295 exabytes in 2007,^[18] doubling roughly every 3 years.^[19]

Databases

Main article: Database management system

Database management systems emerged in the 1960s to address the problem of storing and retrieving large amounts of data accurately and quickly. One of the earliest such systems was IBM's Information Management System (IMS),^[20] which is still widely deployed more than 40 years later.^[21] IMS stores data hierarchically,^[20] but in the 1970s Ted Codd proposed an alternative relational storage model based on set theory and predicate logic and the familiar concepts of tables, rows and columns. The first commercially available relational database management system (RDBMS) was available from Oracle in 1980.^[22]
All database management systems consist of a number of components that together allow the data they store to be accessed simultaneously by many users while maintaining its integrity. A characteristic of all databases is that the structure of the data they contain is defined and stored separately from the data itself, in a database schema.^[20]
The extensible markup language (XML) has become a popular format for data representation in recent years. Although XML data can be stored in normal file systems, it is commonly held in relational databases to take advantage of their "robust implementation verified by years of both theoretical and practical effort".^[23] As an evolution of the Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML), XML's text-based structure offers the advantage of being both machine and human-readable.^[24]

Data retrieval

The relational database model introduced a programming language independent Structured Query Language (SQL), based on relational algebra.^[22]
The terms "data" and "information" are not synonymous. Anything stored is data, but it only becomes information when it is organised and presented meaningfully.^[25] Most of the world's digital data is unstructured, and stored in a variety of different physical formats^[26][a] even within a single organisation. Data warehouses began to be developed in the 1980s to integrate these disparate stores. They typically contain data extracted from various sources, including external sources such as the Internet, organised in such a way as to facilitate decision support systems (DSS).^[27]

Data transmission

Data transmission has three aspects: transmission, propagation, and reception.^[28]
XML has been increasingly employed as a means of data interchange since the early 2000s,^[29] particularly for machine-oriented interactions such as those involved in web-oriented protocols such as SOAP,^[24] describing "data-in-transit rather than ... data-at-rest".^[29]

Data manipulation

Hilbert and Lopez^[18] identify the exponential pace of technological change (a kind of Moore's law): machines' application-specific capacity to compute information per capita roughly doubled every 14 months between 1986 and 2007; the per capita capacity of the world's general-purpose computers doubled every 18 months during the same two decades; the global telecommunication capacity per capita doubled every 34 months; the world's storage capacity per capita required roughly 40 months to double (every 3 years); and per capita broadcast information has doubled every 12.3 years.^[18]
Massive amounts of data are stored worldwide every day, but unless it can be analysed and presented effectively it essentially resides in what have been called data tombs: "data archives that are seldom visited".^[30] To address that issue, the field of data mining – "the process of discovering interesting patterns and knowledge from large amounts of data"^[31] – emerged in the late 1980s.^[32]

Commercial perspective

Worldwide IT spending forecast^[33] (billions of U.S. dollars)

Category	2011 spending	2012 spending
Computing hardware	404	423
Enterprise software	269	290
IT services	845	864
Telecom equipment	340	377
Telecom services	1,663	1,686
Total	3,523	3,640

Social and ethical perspectives

Main article: Information ethics

The field of information ethics was established by mathematician Norbert Wiener in the 1940s.^[34] Some of the ethical issues associated with the use of information technology include:^[35]

• Breaches of copyright by those downloading files stored without the permission of the copyright holders
• Employers monitoring their employees' emails and other Internet usage
• Unsolicited emails
• Hackers accessing online databases
• Web sites installing cookies or spyware to monitor a user's online activities

Computer Hardware Basics

May 7th, 2012

This site ranks very high in the search engines for searches related to computer hardware. So it makes sense that I cover basic topics related to computer hardware.

To that end I added a bunch of pages to this site that cover the basics of computer hardware. Topics covered include “What is computer hardware?“, “CPU“, “Motherboard“, “Power Supply Unit” etc. I will keep adding more pages as time permits.

SATA 2 vs. SATA 3

SATA 2 vs. SATA 3

Serial ATA or SATA has become the standard interface between storage devices and computer motherboards. SATA continues to be updated to faster standards such as SATA 3.

SATA 3 offers transfer speeds of up to 6Gbit/s compared to the 3Gbit/s offered by SATA 2.
SATA 3 was introduced to allow for faster communication between storage drives and the host controller on motherboards. This was necessary because SATA 2 was proving to be a bottleneck for faster storage devices like Solid State Drives.
While SSDs benefit from the transfer speed of SATA 3, hard disk drives do not see any improvement in performance. That is because SATA is just the speed at which the storage drive can communicate with the host controller on the motherboard i.e. the transfer speed. It says nothing about how fast a storage drive can access data internally. Because hard disk drives are mechanical in nature they cannot operate fast enough to saturate a SATA 2 interface much less a SATA 3 one. So hard drives don’t benefit from SATA 3 except for burst transfers from the hard drive buffer. These burst transfers are very rare in normal desktop usage where file access tends to be random in nature.